Mikhail Gorbachev and the end of Communism

Milhail Gorbachev became the communist party leader. He was the youngest Soviet leader ever since Stalin. His opponent for the title of communist party leader was Victor Grishin. Gorbachev wanted to pursue new ideas for the Soviet Union. In 1985 Gorbachev announced a policy named glanost. Glanost means openness. He decided to follow this policy because he realize that the ecomomic and social reforms would not happen if the Soviet Union did not have free flow of ideas and information. With the new policy people were allowed to publications of books and reporters could talk about social and government problems, which were not allowed when the soviet Union was a totalitarian state. With this law people began to complain about the economic sitituation of the government. Gorbachev blamed those problems on how efficient the system of central planning was. Gorbachev decided to make another policy this time to fix the complianing of the people. The policy was called perestroika which was an economic restructuring.

Gorbachev plan was not to over throw communisn. His plan was to make the system efficient. To make his plan work Gorbachev had to losen the grip that the Communist Party had on the Soviet society and politics. He then mad a policy called democratization that would open the political system of the Soviet Union. This plan had to make a legislative body. With the new ideas that Gorbachev had, the Soviet Union became less and less Communist.

Collapse of Communism

After the end of the Cold War people were afraid of having Nuclear wars. With the new reforms made people from the Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe had the chance to make decisions on economic and political systems that governed their lives. With all the changes there was a major one, the fall of the Berlin wall.
The Berlin wall was made to keep the Eastern and Western Germany from crossing the border. Anyone that would pass the wall would get shot. In November 1989 demolition work began on the Berlin wall. The people first tried to make a road for private trips. Then the decided to make several borders that would travel people across the wall. Later the cut a holes for pedestrians to go across the wall. The wall was taken out completely one November 9, 1989.
As for the Soviet Union they collapse last. Some of the groups in the Soviet Union wanted to become free like the other countries that were in Eastern Europe. They began to protest. Gorbachev made his army go into the capital of Lithuania. There the army killed 14 people and injured 150.People began to support a man name Boris Yeltsin rather then the former president of the communist party, Gorbachev. Gorbachev was forced to resign. Which ended communism in the Soviet Union. More and more countries were trying to get their freedom from communism.

The Creation of Israel

Zionism is the worldwide Jewish movement that resulted in the establishment and development of Israel. When the country of Israel was created there was a lot of conflict. The Jews and the Palestinian had many conflicts with each other. They fought about who would get the country. Long before that the Jewish and the Palestinian had hatred towards each other. They had many religious feud.
At first the Jews would join the Palestinian people to fight the British mandate on Palestine. In 1947 the British ended the Palestine mandate and let the United Nation deal with the rest. The United Nations thought of the idea of making Palestine into two states. One of the states would be for the Arabs and that other would be for the Jews. The Arabs rejected the United nations partition. The Arabs believed that the land was theirs. However the Jews agreed with the United Nations partition.
On May 14, 1948 the country of Israel was made. The next day the Arabs and the Palestinians attacked Israel. The Jews had been having problems with the Arabs and the Palestinian people ever since Israel was made.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

Apartheid is another word for segregation. It was made in South Africa. The Whites, Bantu, colored and, Indians were not treated fairly. The people of Africa wanted there independence from the imperialist countries. One of the leaders to fight for the right of his people was Nelson Mandela.
Mandela was a man of peace. He was one of the leaders of ANC. ANC is a campaign to stop apartheid acts. He fought nonviolence fight to win the independence of South Africa. Mandela and other leaders of ANC were sent to a life time in prison after he was convicted of sabotage and treason. Mandela was in prison for 27 years. The South African were sacred that if Mandela died in person the South African people would have a revolution. So in 1990 The South African government gave Mandela his freedom. In 1994 Mandela became president of South Africa
Mandela was admire for his courage. People liked him so much because he was a man of peace. he used none violent ways to achieve his wishes. He liberated many South African from being treated like dirt. He lead his people to their freedom.

African Indepence

Africa would be having a hard time to gain their independence. The European inperalist would not want to give the African countries independence. They wanted them for their natural resources. It was not until World War 2 in which some African people would be sent to Europe to help out in the War. There in Europe the Africans realized that the Europeans were not as strong as they appeared to be.
After World War 2 the Europeans realized that the cost of keeping their colonies in Africa was to much. The Europeans were ready to give up the power to the African people. However they did not know how they would be able to give the power to the African people.
Some leaders of the African movement for freedom were Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, Zaire. Kwame Nkrumah was the leader of the Ghana. Jomo Kenyatta was leader of Kenya. Lastly Zaire was leader of the Congo.

9th Grade Review- Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution happened long ago. In the Neolithic Revolution the Nomads learned to settle in one place to keep from having to move from place to place. The Nomads would haunt and gather food. Part of the Neolithic Revolution was the changes in the way they got their food. The Nomads began to plant seeds. The seed would grow so they had no reason to move from place to place to gather grains, vegetables and fruit. They also would domesticate their animals. Domesticating the animal was easier then haunting them.
The Neolithic people would leave close to river and water, so they could get water to drink, bath, clean, and water the crops. Also they would use the waters for means of transporting themselves from one place to the next.
The Neolithic people also sit up a government. The Neolithic Revolution of the beginning of a modern civilization.

The European Union

Some of the european countries were having war with each other. There were a lot of life being lost. Some of the European countries leaders wanted a way to end the fight. So then they created the European Union. The European Union is an alliance of 25 nations. It became another superpower.
The European Union became a superpower because of the political and economical systems. People that would travel were able to travel from country to country without having to have their passaport check in each broader of the country. People in which would live in a country from the EU would be allowed to work for another country that was in the EU. The EU would prevent any more wars from happening between European countries.